Dark matter is by far the most common form of matter, making up about 85% of all the matter in the Universe. The other 15% is the ordinary matter we can see: stars, planets, moons, black holes, neutrinos, dust, gas, etc. However, we don’t know much about what dark matter is.
Dark matter was first deduced in 1933, however, the more than 30 experiments trying to understand what dark matter is have so far produced no definite results.
Dark matter interacts with gravitational energy but not with ordinary matter, nor does it absorb, reflect or emit light, therefore we can measure its gravitational effects and have compelling indirect evidence of its existence, but can’t see it.
We don’t know if dark matter is built out of one type of particle or several, also, we don’t now if apart from gravity, dark mater particles interact through undiscovered forces felt only by dark matter particles.
Dark matter seems to be holding the galaxies gravitationally together preventing stars at the edges from flying off into deep space.
The mysterious dark matter interacts with ordinary matter and electromagnetic radiation through gravity, so it can be detected by the way it curves space-time affecting the trajectory of light.
About 95% of our Milky Way galaxy is composed of dark matter, therefore particles of dark matter should be constantly drifting through the Earth, but so far, all experiments have failed to detect them.
Dragon 44 is an ultra-diffuse galaxy that emits just 1% of the light emitted by the Milky Way, despite having a mass of approximately 10% that of our galaxy. It is believed to be made almost entirely of dark matter. Why this galaxy has such a large proportion of dark mater compared to other galaxies is a mystery.
One of the few things we know about the mysterious dark matter is that it is cold, does not emit light, and does not interact with ordinary matter nor with itself.
Dwarf galaxies are the most common type of galaxy in the Universe and contain higher proportions of dark matter than larger galaxies, some of them are made of 99% dark matter, and so far, nobody knows why.
A few scientists think that Dark matter does not actually exist and that the evidence found so far is just a sign that we don’t fully understand the Gravity force.
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